The Baroque is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting,
sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the
early 17th century until the 1750s. Rococo, less commonly Roccoco, also known as Late Baroque, is an
exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and
decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding.In dance,the spirit of Rococo is present in its depiction of the curving lines of the hoop-supported skirts, the delicate lace and flower.
II
Learning Objectives
Understand the main characteristics of the Baroque
Explain relationship between the Baroque, Rococo and the Renaissance
Gain an awareness of the pre-clasic aspect of these dances
Experience dancing the contradanza
III
Main Lesson
1
The Baroque
General Notes
The Baroque is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting,
sculpture, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th
century until the 1740s.
In the territories
of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including the Iberian Peninsula it
continued, together with new styles, until the first decade of the 19th
century.
It followed Renaissance art and Mannerism and preceded the Rococo (in
the past often referred to as "late Baroque") and Neoclassical
styles.
It was encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to counter the
simplicity and austerity of Protestant architecture, art, and music, though
Lutheran Baroque art developed in parts of Europe as well (Heal 2011).
The Baroque style
used contrast, movement, exuberant detail, deep colour, grandeur, and surprise
to achieve a sense of awe.
The style began at the start of the 17th century in
Rome, then spread rapidly to France, northern Italy, Spain, and Portugal, then
to Austria, southern Germany, and Russia.
By the 1730s, it had evolved into an
even more flamboyant style, called rocaille or Rococo, which appeared in France
and Central Europe until the mid to late 18th century.
This flamboyant style also influenced the way the upper class dressed.
2
The pockets / min 3:10
In the decorative
arts, the style employs plentiful and intricate ornamentation.
The departure
from Renaissance classicism has its own ways in each country. But a general
feature is that everywhere the starting point is the ornamental elements
introduced by the Renaissance.
The classical repertoire is crowded, dense,
overlapping, loaded, in order to provoke shock effects.
Video on Baroque Dance
Sources:
Heal, Bridget (1 December 2011). "'Better Papist than
Calvinist': Art and Identity in Later Lutheran Germany". German History.
German History Society. 29 (4): 584–609.
Question 1
Which would you say is the main characteristic of the Baroque?
What is the differnece between Baroque and Renaissance Dances?
Question 3
Why would you considered Renaissance and Baroque pre-classic dances?
4
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5
Rococo
General Notes
Rococo, less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally
ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration
which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel
colors, sculpted molding, and trompe-l'œil frescoes to create surprise
and the illusion of motion and drama.
Under Kings Louis
XIV and Louis XV, France led western Europe into the age of the Rococo in the
arts.
The Rococo began as a movement toward simplicity and naturalness, a
reaction against the stilted mannerisms and preciousness to which the earlier
Baroque art was considered to have degenerated.
It was a great age of and for
dancing, with the minuet the symbol of its emphasis on civilized movement.
This
formal dance, the perfect execution of which was almost a science in itself,
reflected the Rococo idea of naturalness.
The statement that “the dance has now
come to the highest point of its perfection” by the composer Jean-Philippe
Rameau (1683–1764) suggested how conscious the French were of the great strides
dance had made.
That this was particularly the case in France was confirmed by
the English poet and essayist Soame Jenyns (1704–87) in his lines “None will
sure presume to rival France, / Whether she forms or executes the dance.” None,
however, excelled the estimation of his profession by the dancing master in
Molière’s Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme (1670).
Question 4
What is the relationship between Baroque and Rococo?
Baroque dance is the
conventional name given to the style of dancing that had its origins
during the seventeenth century and dominated the eighteenth century
until the French Revolution. Louis XIV was a major influence in its
development and promotion.
V
Case Studies
1
Contradanza
General Notes
Contradanza is the Spanish and Spanish-American version of the
contradanse, which was an internationally popular style of music and
dance in the 18th century, derived from the English country dance and
adopted at the court of France.
In Cuba during the 19th
century, it became an important genre, the first written music to be
rhythmically based on an African rhythm pattern and the first Cuban dance to
gain international popularity, the progenitor of danzón, mambo and cha-cha-cha,
with a characteristic "habanera rhythm" and sung lyrics.
Outside Cuba, the Cuban
contradanza became known as the habanera – the dance of Havana – and that name
was adopted in Cuba itself subsequent to its international popularity in the
later 19th century, though it was never so called by the people who created
it
The most conventional
consensus in regard to the origin of this popular Cuban genre was established
by novelist Alejo Carpentier, in his book from 1946, La Música en Cuba. In the
book, he proposes a theory that signals the French contredance, supposedly
introduced in Cuba by French immigrants fleeing the Haitian Revolution
(1791–1803), as the prototype for the creation of the creolized Cuban
Contradanza.
However, according to other important Cuban musicologists, such
as Zoila Lapique and Natalio Galan, it is quite likely that the Contradanza had
been introduced to Havana directly from Spain, France or England several
decades earlier.
Bizet included a habanera
in his opera Carmen, derived from Yradier's "El Arreglito".
What is Carpentier's theory about the origin of cantradanza?
Question 6
What was the function of dance in the society of this historic period?
2
Tumba Francesa
General Notes
Tumba francesa is a secular
Afro-Cuban genre of dance, song, and drumming that emerged in Oriente, Cuba. It
was introduced by slaves from the French colony of Saint-Domingue whose owners
resettled in Cuba's eastern regions following the slave rebellion during the
1790s.
The genre flourished in the late 19th century with the establishment of sociedades de tumba francesa (tumba francesa societies), of which only three survive.
Tumbas francesas can be
traced back to the late 18th century when the Haitian Revolution triggered the
migration of French colonists from Saint-Domingue, bringing their slaves to the
Oriente Province of Cuba.
By the late 19th century, following the abolition of
slavery in 1886, tumba francesa societies became established in this region,
especially in Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo.
Their establishment was in many
ways similar to the old African cabildos. Performers identify tumba francesa
as French-Haitian, acknowledging it as a product of Haiti which now resides in
Cuba.
By the second half of the 20th century, tumbas francesas were still
performed in eastern Cuba, especially the toque masón. Other toques however are
only played in the context cultural associations.
Three tumba francesa
societies survive at the moment: La Caridad de Oriente (originally La Fayette)
in Santiago de Cuba; Bejuco in Sagua de Tánamo, Holguín; and Santa Catalina de
Riccis (originally La Pompadour) in Guantánamo.
Question 7
What is the most important aspect of tumba francesa? Explain
VI
Activity
Students learn the steps of the contradanza.
VII
Glossary
VIII
Journaling
IX
Sources
Heal, Bridget (1 December 2011). "'Better Papist than
Calvinist': Art and Identity in Later Lutheran Germany". German History.
German History Society. 29 (4): 584–609.
I Unit: Modern Era Theme: Modern and Post-Modern Dance Introduction Modern dance is a broad genre of western concert or theatrical dance which includes dance styles such as ballet, folk, ethnic, religious, and social dancing. Postmodern dance , on the other hand, is a 20th century concert dance form that came into popularity in the early 1960s. II Learning Objectives Understand the main characteristics of modern dance Explain relationship between modern and ballet Gain an awareness of the influence of other dances of modern Experience dancing three phrases in which the different modern techniques are applied III Main Lesson 1 Presentations 2 Major Modern Dance Precursors Loie Fuller (1862 - 1928) Isadora Duncan (1877-78 -1927) Rudolf Laban ....... (1879-1958) Mary Wigman (1886 - 1973) Harald Kreutzberg (1902 - 196...
I Unit: Early Modern Period Theme: The Renaissance Introduction The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th century , the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature and art. II Learning Objectives Understand the importance of the Reformation Explain the meaning of the Renaissance for dance Gain an awareness of the Pre-Classic dances Experience the steps of some Renaissance dances III Main Lesson 1 Reformation The Reformation is considered one of the events that signify the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of Early modern period in Europe. Reformation, also called Protestant Reformation, refers to the religious revolution that took place in the Western church in the 16th century . The Reformation was the start of Protestantism and t...
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